Proceeding of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences publishes original research papers on a broad range of
topics of basic and applied sciences. State-of-the-art reviews which adequately summarise work in a
particular area of science and indicate lines of further research are also considered for publication. The
review articles are not intended to highlight the accomplishments associated with a single laboratory or
institution. All papers are referred externally. Authors are not required lo be members or fellows of the
Academy. Manuscripts may be submitted from any country; however, all manuscripts must he submitted in
English.
The authors are requested to read the following instructions carefully before submitting a manuscript.
Failure lo comply with these guidelines is liable to delay the review process and possible publication
of the manuscript.
Manuscript preparation:
Manuscripts should be typewritten, double-spaced on 8.5" x 11" paper with 1" margin on all sides. Two
copies should be submitted, including figures and tables. Papers are subject to editorial revision for
purpose of conformity to the style adopted. Manuscripts should in general not exceed 20 typewritten
pages including tables, figures and illustrations. The authors are required to submit a 3.5" high density
(HD) diskette containing a copy in Microsoft (MS) Word of the final version of the manuscript.
Each of the following sections of the manuscript should be typed on a separate page and in the sequence
shown below:
TITLE PAGE: Should carry: (A) title (in capital letters) of the article to have no more than 160 characters,
in a concise but informative style. Do not use abbreviations or acronyms, (B) first name. middle
initial, last name of each author, (C) name of the department(s) and institution(s)
to which the work should be attributed, (D) name and address of author to whom correspondence should be addressed, include
E-mail address if available, (E) short running title of no more than 50 characters.
ABSTRACT AND KEYWORDS: The second page should carry an abstract of 250 words or less. The
abstract should be self-explanatory, without reference to the text. The abstract should
state the objective of the study, the methods used, main findings and principal conclusions.
Abbreviations may be used provided they are defined on first mention in the abstract and in the main text. Review articles may
be submitted without an abstract. Please suggest five to eight keywords excluding any that
are already used in the title.
TEXT: For original research articles the text should he divided into sections with
the headings:
Introduction: provide a clear and concise statement of the problem and the aims of the investigation, and
cite the relevant literature on the subject. Materials and Methods: Provide an adequate account of the
procedures including statistical tests (if any). Describe briefly but in such a way that sufficient information
is provided to replicate the work. Results: to be clearly and concisely described with
the help of appropriate tables, figures and other illustrative material. Results should have no repetition of data in
figures, tables and text. Discussion: Provide a brief interpretation of your results in
the light of relevant previous studies. Comments and interpretations should be supported by evidence or references. Do not use
more than 3 levels of heads in the text. For review articles the text can be appropriately sectioned.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: Acknowledge financial support and other types of assistance in a brief statement.
REFERENCES: References must be limited to directly related published papers. Authors
bear total responsibility for the accuracy of the references. All references in the text are to
be included in the list of References and vice versa. Only published articles or articles accepted for
publication qualify for references. References to manuscripts submitted to other journals but not yet accepted are
not permitted. In the text, references should be cited as consecutive numerals in square brackets, for example. "Brown
et al. [2] reported ..." or ".. as previously described [3,6-8]". They should be listed in the same numerical
order in the References list at the end of the manuscript on a separate sheet or sheets. List all authors.
Examples of references:
a. Articles in Journals:
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1. |
Speh, B. and Vogan, D.A. 198O. Reducibility of generalized principal series representations. Acta
Math. 145:227-299. |
|
2. |
Williams, R.L., Hilton, D.J., Pease, S., Wilson, T.A., Stewart, C.L.,
Grearing, D.P., Wagner, E.F., Metcalf, D., Nicola, N.A. and Gough, N.M. 1988. Myeloid leukaemia
inhibitory factor (LIF) maintains the developmental potential of embryonic stem cells. Nature 336: 684-687 |
b. Chapters in books
| 3. |
Cox, A.W. 1988. Solar and geothermal energy. In: Information Sources in Energy
Technology. Ed. Anthony, L.J. pp. 263-289, Butterworths, London. |
| 4. |
Smolen, J.E. and Boxer, L.A. 1991. Functions of neutrophils. In: Hematology. Eds. Williams,
W.J., Butler, E. and Litchman, M.A. 4th ed. pp. 3-101. McGraw Hill, New York. |
c. Books:
| 5. |
Leeper, G.W. 1978. Managing Heavy Metals on the Land. Marcel
Dekker, New York. |
| 6. |
Adams, D.O., Edelson, P.J. and Koren, H.S. 1981. Methods for studying
Mononuclear Phagocytes. Academic Press, San Diego. |
TABLES: Tables must be typewritten on separate sheets and submitted in duplicate. They should be
numbered consecutively according to order of citation, using arabic numbers. Each table must have a
concise heading and should be comprehensible without reference to the text. The approximate position of
each table in text should he indicated. Tables should be as simple as possible. Round off numbers within
the table to the nearest whole number or significant digit. Place essential explanatory material below the
table. Identify footnotes with superscript letters or symbols keyed to data in the table. Do not use vertical
lines. Use horizontal lines only to separate the column heads from the data. Refer to published tables in a
recent issue of the journal to verify the appropriate style.
ILLUSTRATIONS: Figures should be carefully and professionally prepared. Two sets of high quality
camera-ready illustrative material are required. Number figures consecutively with Arabic numerals
(1,2,3) in the order in which they are cited in the text. Glossy prints must be submitted for
photomicrographs, gels and other halftones. Photocopies of line drawings are acceptable at submission as
long as two sets of high quality camera copies are provided. Figures should be identified by a black lead
pencil, on the top or back of each figure with figure number and the last name of the first author. Type
legends, double-spaced, in numerical order, on a separate sheet or sheets. Use numbers and letters
consistent in style with those used in the illustration.
Please note that the figures may be printed (with or without reduction) in two styles. Figures layouts may
either match the columns size of 8.2 x 24.0 cm or the entire page of 16.0 x 24.0 cm maximum size.
Line drawings: Computer generated figures produced on a laser printer are acceptable. Alternatively,
original line drawings should be made with black ink on while drawing or tracing paper. Do not use
lettering smaller than 9 points or unnecessarily large. Lettering should he proportional on all figures within
an article. In graphs, the abscissa and ordinate should be clearly labelled, and the units of measurement
given.
Photographs: Photographs must be of the highest quality and provided as glossy prints. They should be
mounted if they are to form multiple panels on the journal page. All prints should be trimmed to exclude
areas not relevant to the paper and be separated from adjacent photographs by uniform spaces. A scale bar
should he included on all photomicrographs or magnification (e.g. x 400, x 8000 etc.) be given at the end of
the legend.
Declaration: Submission of the manuscript must he accompanied by the declaration that the results are
original; approval of all authors concerned has been obtained to submit manuscript for consideration; the
same material is neither 'in press' nor under consideration elsewhere and that the copyright
of the paper will be assigned to the Pakistan Academy of Sciences in case the article is accepted for publication.
All inquiries and manuscripts must be forwarded to:
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